Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts Affecting openbao package, versions <2.3.2-r0
Threat Intelligence
The probability is the direct output of the EPSS model, and conveys an overall sense of the threat of exploitation in the wild. The percentile measures the EPSS probability relative to all known EPSS scores. Note: This data is updated daily, relying on the latest available EPSS model version. Check out the EPSS documentation for more details.
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- published24 Oct 2025
- disclosed9 Aug 2025
Introduced: 9 Aug 2025
CVE-2025-55003 (opens in a new tab)How to fix?
Upgrade Alpine:3.22 openbao to version 2.3.2-r0 or higher.
NVD Description
Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream openbao package and not the openbao package as distributed by Alpine.
See How to fix? for Alpine:3.22 relevant fixed versions and status.
OpenBao exists to provide a software solution to manage, store, and distribute sensitive data including secrets, certificates, and keys. In versions 2.3.1 and below, OpenBao's Login Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) system allows enforcing MFA using Time-based One Time Password (TOTP). Due to normalization applied by the underlying TOTP library, codes were accepted which could contain whitespace; this whitespace could bypass internal rate limiting of the MFA method and allow reuse of existing MFA codes. This issue was fixed in version 2.3.2. To work around this, use of rate-limiting quotas can limit an attacker's ability to exploit this: https://openbao.org/api-docs/system/rate-limit-quotas/.