Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Affecting handlebars package, versions <4.0.0
Threat Intelligence
The probability is the direct output of the EPSS model, and conveys an overall sense of the threat of exploitation in the wild. The percentile measures the EPSS probability relative to all known EPSS scores. Note: This data is updated daily, relying on the latest available EPSS model version. Check out the EPSS documentation for more details.
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Start learning- Snyk IDnpm:handlebars:20151207
- published14 Dec 2015
- disclosed7 Dec 2015
- creditMatias P. Brutti
Introduced: 7 Dec 2015
CVE-2015-8861 (opens in a new tab)Overview
handlebars provides the power necessary to let you build semantic templates.
When using attributes without quotes in a handlebars template, an attacker can manipulate the input to introduce additional attributes, potentially executing code. This may lead to a Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability, assuming an attacker can influence the value entered into the template. If the handlebars template is used to render user-generated content, this vulnerability may escalate to a persistent XSS vulnerability.
Details
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks occur when an attacker tricks a user’s browser to execute malicious JavaScript code in the context of a victim’s domain. Such scripts can steal the user’s session cookies for the domain, scrape or modify its content, and perform or modify actions on the user’s behalf, actions typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.
These attacks are possible by escaping the context of the web application and injecting malicious scripts in an otherwise trusted website. These scripts can introduce additional attributes (say, a "new" option in a dropdown list or a new link to a malicious site) and can potentially execute code on the clients side, unbeknown to the victim. This occurs when characters like < > " ' are not escaped properly.
There are a few types of XSS:
- Persistent XSS is an attack in which the malicious code persists into the web app’s database.
- Reflected XSS is an which the website echoes back a portion of the request. The attacker needs to trick the user into clicking a malicious link (for instance through a phishing email or malicious JS on another page), which triggers the XSS attack.
- DOM-based XSS is an that occurs purely in the browser when client-side JavaScript echoes back a portion of the URL onto the page. DOM-Based XSS is notoriously hard to detect, as the server never gets a chance to see the attack taking place.
Example:
Assume handlebars was used to display user comments and avatar, using the following template:
<img src={{avatarUrl}}><pre>{{comment}}</pre>
If an attacker spoofed their avatar URL and provided the following value:
http://evil.org/avatar.png onload=alert(document.cookie)
The resulting HTML would be the following, triggering the script once the image loads:
<img src=http://evil.org/avatar.png onload=alert(document.cookie)><pre>Gotcha!</pre>